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Hydrochloric acid [1] is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl), which is a monobasic strong acid and is widely used in industrial applications. The character of hydrochloric acid is a colorless and transparent liquid, which has a strong pungent odor and is highly corrosive. Concentrated hydrochloric acid (mass fraction of about 37%) has a very strong volatility, so the hydrogen chloride gas will volatilize when the container containing concentrated hydrochloric acid is opened, and combine with the water vapor in the air to produce small droplets of hydrochloric acid, so that acid appears above the mouth of the bottle. fog. Hydrochloric acid is the main component of gastric acid, which promotes digestion of food and protects against microbial infections.

In the chemical industry, hydrochloric acid has many important applications that play a decisive role in the quality of the product. Hydrochloric acid can be used for pickling steel, and is also a chemical reagent required for large-scale preparation of many inorganic and organic compounds, such as vinyl chloride precursor PVC. There are also many small-scale uses for hydrochloric acid, such as cleaning in household ware, production of gelatin and other food additives, descaling agents, and leather processing.